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Due to major shifts in the qualifying criteria for home loans, most homeowners are unable to refinance. Generally the minimum guidelines for a refinance are
- Loan to value below 80%
- Credit scores above 620
- Proven income
- Debt to income ratio below 45%
For a loan modification, the criteria is almost completely the opposite. The reason for this is that a foreclosure is a very expensive process. The more likely you are to default on your loan, the more likely your loan modification will be approved.
A bank will lose future profits on a loan modificaiton, but in most cases will not lose any of their initial investment.